Overview
This guide walks through the safest, recommended steps to start up a hardware wallet device, initialize it, create secure backups, and adopt best practices to minimize risks. The instructions are generic and apply to most reputable hardware wallets; always consult your device manufacturer's official documentation first.
Before you begin
Take a moment to prepare. Before you power on your device, make sure you:
- Purchase the device from an authorized reseller or directly from the manufacturer.
- Have a clean, private workspace free from cameras and prying eyes.
- Use an up-to-date operating system on the host computer and a device that you control.
- Avoid public Wi-Fi for any initial setup steps that require online interaction.
Step 1 — Inspect the package
Check that the packaging is sealed and shows no signs of tampering. Many manufacturers provide tamper-evident seals. If anything looks off, contact the vendor and do not proceed with setup.
Step 2 — Power up and firmware
When you first power on, the device often shows a logo and firmware version. Only proceed if the device is running the manufacturer's genuine firmware. Many devices allow firmware verification using the companion desktop app. If firmware updates are available, apply them according to official instructions before creating or importing any keys.
Step 3 — Create a new wallet (recommended)
For most users, generating a new wallet on the device is the safest option. When prompted:
- Choose "Create new" or equivalent.
- Observe the entropy steps and confirm actions on the device itself; never accept instructions that ask you to enter your private key or seed into a computer or website.
- Record the recovery phrase (seed) exactly as shown — on paper — in the order presented. Do not save it as a plain text file or photograph.
Step 4 — Backups and storage
Use multiple, geographically separate, physical backups for your recovery phrase. Typical strategies include:
- Write the phrase on multiple secure pieces of paper and store them in separate safe deposit boxes or home safes.
- Consider metal backup plates that are fire- and water-resistant for long-term durability.
- Do not store your recovery phrase digitally (no cloud, selfie, email, or password manager entry unless encrypted with a strong, audited method and you fully understand the risk).
Step 5 — PIN and passphrase
Set a PIN on the device to prevent casual access. Some devices support an optional passphrase (also called a 25th word). A passphrase adds security but also responsibility — if you forget it, the funds are irretrievable.
Step 6 — Test with small amounts
Before transferring significant funds, test the setup by sending a small test transaction. Confirm that the transaction shows up in your companion interface and that you can successfully sign and broadcast transactions using the device.
Ongoing security practices
- Keep firmware updated — but only apply updates verified through the official channel.
- Never disclose your recovery phrase or private keys to anyone, including support agents.
- Be wary of unsolicited messages (email, social media) offering help — use official support channels only.
- Consider enabling additional device features for security (e.g., passphrase, multi-signature) if you understand the trade-offs.
When to use Multi-Factor or Multi-Sig
If you plan to hold significant long-term funds, consider multi-signature (multi-sig) setups or requiring multiple devices to sign transactions. Multi-sig reduces single-point-of-failure risks but requires more operational knowledge — plan backups and recovery steps carefully.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Storing the recovery phrase in a photo or cloud storage.
- Using unknown third-party desktop apps that require import of private keys or seeds.
- Buying used hardware wallets without fully wiping and reinitializing or verifying firmware authenticity.
FAQs
- Q: Can a hardware wallet be hacked?
- A: Hardware wallets are designed to keep keys isolated. Most successful attacks involve social engineering, compromised recovery backups, or supply-chain tampering rather than breaking the device cryptographically.
- Q: Should I connect my hardware wallet to a new or dedicated computer?
- A: While not strictly required, using a secure, updated machine reduces the attack surface for malware that could attempt to intercept transactions or trick you into revealing sensitive data.
- Q: Is it safe to use mobile devices?
- A: Many modern wallets support mobile companions; follow official guidance, keep the OS updated, and avoid sideloaded or untrusted apps.
Note: This guide is general information and is not affiliated with any hardware manufacturer. Always consult your device maker's official resources for device-specific instructions and warranty information.